As treasurer Jong Sumatranen Bond, he realized the importance of financial sense for his club. But financial resources both from member dues and donations from outside only if its members may well have a sense of responsibility and discipline. Sense of responsibility and discipline further characterize the properties of Mohammad Hatta. In 1921 Hatta arrived in the Netherlands to study at the Handels Hoge School in Rotterdam. He is registered as a member Indische Vereniging. In 1922, the association changed its name to Indonesische Vereniging. Associations which refuse to cooperate with the Dutch was then renamed again to the Association of Indonesia (PI).
Hatta also arranged for magazine associations, Poetra Indies, published on a regular basis as the basis of binding among members. In 1924 the magazine changed its name to Indonesia Merdeka. Hatta pass the exam Handels Economie (economic trade) in 1923. At first he intended doctoral exams in economic science at the end of 1925. Therefore in 1924 he was active in the non-PI. But when it opened a new department, which is state law and administrative law. Hatta also entered the department was encouraged by the great interest in politics.
Extension of their study plan that allows Hatta was elected Chairman of the PI on January 17, 1926. On that occasion, she said her inauguration speech, entitled "Economische Wereldbouw en Machtstegenstellingen" - World Economic Structure and the Conflicts of power. He tried to analyze the structure of world economy and based on it, pointing to a non-cooperative foundation of wisdom.
From 1926 to 1930, respectively Hatta was elected Chairman of the PI. Under his leadership, the PI developed from sororities used to be a political organization that influence the course of popular politics in Indonesia. So finally recognized by the National Political Association Pemufakatan Indonesia (PPPI) PI as outposts of the national movements in Europe. PI conduct active propaganda abroad Netherlands.Almost every international congress in Europe entered, and accept this association. During that time, almost always Hatta himself who led the delegation. In 1926, with the aim of introducing the name "Indonesia", Hatta led a delegation to the Democratic Congress for Peace International in Bierville, France. Without much opposition, "Indonesia" was officially recognized by Congress. The name "Indonesia" to mention the Dutch East Indies when it was actually known among international organizations.
Hatta and the Indonesian nationalist movement had important experience in the League Against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression, an international congress held in Brussels on 10-15 February 1927. At this congress Hatta acquainted with the labor movement leaders such as G. Fimmen Ledebour and Edo, and the figures who later became statesmen in Asia and Africa such as Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Ramadan Hafiz Bey (Egypt), and Senghor (Africa). Personal friendship with Nehru started since then. In 1927 also, Hatta and Nehru invited to give lectures for the "Women's International League for Peace and Freedom" in Gland, Switzerland.Hatta lecture title L 'son et Indonesie probleme de I' Independence (Indonesia and the Independence Issues).
Together with St. Nazir. Pamontjak, Sastroamidjojo Ali, and Abdul Madjid Djojoadiningrat, Hatta was jailed for five and a half months. On March 22, 1928, at The Hague tribunal frees four of all charges. In a historic trial, Hatta argued that marvelous defense speech, later published as a brochure with the name "Indonesia Vrij", and then translated into Indonesian as a book with the title of an independent Indonesia. Between the years 1930-1931, Hatta concentrate on his studies and writing essays for the magazine Daulat Rajat and sometimes De Socialist. He plans to finish his studies in mid-1932.
In July 1932, Hatta successfully completed his studies in Holland and a month later he arrived in Jakarta. Between late 1932 and 1933, Hatta's main preoccupation was to write a variety of political and economic articles for the Rule of the people and perform a variety of political activities, especially education of political cadres in the Party of National Education of Indonesia. The principle of non-cooperation has always emphasized to his cadres. Hatta's harsh reaction to the attitude of Sukarno in connection with the captors by the Dutch colonial government, which ended with the disposal of Sukarno to Ende, Flores, seen in his writings on the Rule of the People, which is titled "Sukarno Arrested" (August 10, 1933), "The Tragedy of Sukarno" (November 30, 1933), and "Attitudes Leader" (December 10, 1933).
In February 1934, after Sukarno exiled to Ende, the Dutch colonial government turned its attention to the Party of National Education of Indonesia. The leadership of the Party of National Education Indonesia was arrested and later exiled to Digoel.A total of seven people. From the Jakarta office was Mohammad Hatta, Sutan Sjahrir, and Bondan. From the office of New York: Maskun Sumadiredja, Burhanuddin, Soeka, and Murwoto. Prior to Digoel, they were imprisoned for nearly a year in jail and Cipinang Glodok, Jakarta. In prison Glodok, Hatta wrote a book entitled Economic Crisis and Capitalism.
In January 1935, Hatta and his friends arrived at Tanah Merah, Digoel (Papua).Head of government there, Captain van Langen, offers two options: work for the colonial administration with wages 40 cents a day in the hope will be sent home to their hometown, or be discarded by receiving food in kind, with no hope would be sent to the area of origin . Hatta said, when he would work for the colonial government when he was still in Jakarta, must have been a great man with great salary as well. So it is not necessary for him to Tanah Merah a coolie with a salary of 40 cents a day.
In exile, Hatta regularly write articles for newspapers Landscape. Honorarium enough to live in Tanah Merah and he can also help his friends. Digoel filled his home in his books are specially brought from Jakarta as many as 16 crates. Thus, Hatta had enough material to give lessons to his comrades in exile on economics, history, and philosophy. Collection of learning materials were later recorded with titles such as, "Introduction to the Science and Street Knowledge" and "Nature Greek Thought." (Four volumes).
In December 1935, Captain Wiarda, replacement van Langen, informed him that the disposal of Hatta and Sjahrir moved to Bandaneira. In January 1936 they went to Bandaneira. They met Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Mr. Iwa Kusumasumantri.In Bandaneira, Hatta and Sjahrir can mix freely with the locals and gave lessons to local children in the fields of history, bookkeeping, politics, and so on Iain. On 3 February 1942, Hatta and Sjahrir taken to Sukabumi. On March 9, 1942, the Dutch surrendered to the Japanese, and on March 22, 1942 Hatta and Sjahrir brought to Jakarta.
During the Japanese occupation, Hatta was asked to work together as an advisor.Hatta said about the ideals of the Indonesian people for independence, and he asked if Japan would colonize Indonesia? Daily temporary head of government, Major-General Harada. replied that Japan would not invade. But Hatta know, that Indonesia's Independence in Japan is different from understanding its own terms.Recognition of Indonesia Merdeka by the Japanese need for Hatta as a weapon against the Allies in the future. When the Japanese fascists want to admit it, whether democratic allies who would not? That's why the Japanese always didesaknya to give such recognition, the newly acquired in September 1944.
During the Japanese occupation, Hatta did not talk much. But the speech made at Ikada Square (now Independence Square) on the date of December 8, 1942 shocking many people. He said Indonesia apart from the Dutch colonial imperialism.And therefore he did not want to be a colony again. Young and old to feel it as sharp-sharp. For youth Indonesia, he Iebih like to see Indonesia sank into the sea rather than have it as a colony of people back. "
In early August 1945, the Committee of Inquiry Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence was replaced by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, with Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta as Chairman as Vice Chairman. Its members consist of representatives of all regions in Indonesia, Java and nine of the twelve men from outside the island of Java. On the evening of 16 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence proclamation prepared in a meeting at the home Admiral Maeda (JI Imam Bonjol, now), which ended at 03.00 am the next day. Small committee consisting of five persons, namely Soekarno, Hatta, Soebardjo, Soekarni, and Sayuti Malik broke away into a room to compose the text of the proclamation of independence.Soekarno Hatta asked compile a concise text of the proclamation. Soekarno Hatta suggested that written words are dictated. After the job was finished. they took him to the living room, where other members are waiting.
Soekarni proposed that the text of the proclamation was signed by two people, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta. All present welcomed with boisterous applause.Dated August 17, 1945, Indonesia's independence was proclaimed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation, right at 10:00 am at East 56th Street Pengangsaan Jakarta. Dated August 18, 1945, Ir Soekarno was appointed as President of the Republic of Indonesia and Drs. Mohammad Hatta was appointed Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. Soekardjo Wijopranoto argued that the President and Vice President should be a duumvirate.
Indonesia should retain its independence from the Dutch Government's effort to re-colonize. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia moved from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Twice negotiations with the Dutch produce Agreement and the Agreement Linggarjati Reville, but always ended in failure due to fraud to the Dutch. To seek support abroad, in July I947, Bung Hatta went to India to see Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi. by masquerading as a co-pilot named Abdullah (Biju Patnaik pilot is that later became the Minister of Indian steel in the government of Prime Minister Morarji Desai). Nehru promised, India can help Indonesia with the protest and the resolution to the UN for the Netherlands convicted.
And threats facing hardship after another. September 1948 PKI rebellion.December 19, 1948, the Dutch re-launched the second aggression. President and Vice President detained and exiled to the Pacific. But the Indonesian People's struggle to maintain independence continued to flare everywhere. Great Commander Soediman continue to lead the struggle bersenjata.Pada dated December 27, 1949 in The Hague, Bung Hatta, who chaired the Delegation of Indonesia in the Round Table Conference to receive the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty of Queen Juliana.
Bung Hatta also became Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia States stands.Then, as the RIS to the Unitary State of Republic Indonesia, Bung Hatta returned to the Vice President. During her time as Vice President, Bung Hatta remains active giving lectures at various institutions of higher education. He also continued to write various essays and books on economic and scientific cooperation. He is also actively guide the cooperative movement to implement the ideals of the economic conception. Dated July 12, 1951, Bung Hatta radio speech to welcome the Day of Cooperatives in Indonesia. Because besamya Bung Hatta activity in the cooperative movement, then on July 17, 1953 he was appointed as the father of the Congress Cooperative Cooperative Indonesia Indonesia in Bandung. Bung Hatta thoughts about cooperatives, among others, stated in his book Building a Cooperative and Cooperative Building (1971).
In 1955, Mohammad Hatta declared that if the Constituent parliament and the people's choice has been formed, he would resign as Vice President. His intention to resign was diberitahukannya through a letter to the chairman of Parliament, Mr.Sartono. Copies of letters sent to President Sukarno. After the Constituent Assembly was officially opened by the President, Vice-President Hatta told the Speaker of Parliament that on l December 1956 he would put his position as Vice President. President Sukarno tried to stop him, but the Bung Hatta remained at its founding.
On the date 27 November 1956, he received an honorary degree of Doctor Honoris Causa academic in the science of law from the University of Gajah Mada in Yoyakarta. On that occasion, Bung Hatta inaugural speech, entitled Past and Coming. After Bung Hatta resigned as Vice President of Indonesia, some also earned academic degrees from various universities. Padjadjaran University in Bandung confirmed Bung Hatta as a political science professor in the economy.Hasanuddin University in Ujung Pandang confer the title of Doctor Honoris Causa in Economics. University of Indonesia conferred the title of Doctor Honoris Causa in the field of jurisprudence. Bung Hatta's inaugural speech, entitled Towards a State of Law.
In 1960, Bung Hatta wrote "Democracy We" in the banner of People magazine. A paper known for highlighting the views and thoughts of Bung Hatta on the development of democracy in Indonesia at that time. In the New Order government, Bung Hatta was more of an elder statesman for his people than a politician. Rahmi Hatta Rachim married on November l8, 1945 in the village Megamendung, Bogor, West Java. They have three daughters, namely Meutia Farida, Gemala Rabi'a, and Halide Nuriah. The two oldest daughters are married. The first was with Dr.. Sri-Edi Swasono and the second with Drs. Mohammad Chalil Baridjambek. Hatta had witnessed the birth of two grandchildren, namely Sri Juwita Hanum Swasono and Mohammed Athar Baridjambek.
On August 15, 1972, President Suharto told the Bung Hatta state of grace in the form of signs of Honor highest "Star of the Republic of Indonesia Class I" on a state ceremony at the State Palace. Bung Hatta, proclaimed independence and the First Vice-President of the Republic of Indonesia, died on March 14, 1980 in Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, at the age of 77 years and was interred in TPU Land coachman on March 15, 1980.
In December 1935, Captain Wiarda, replacement van Langen, informed him that the disposal of Hatta and Sjahrir moved to Bandaneira. In January 1936 they went to Bandaneira. They met Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Mr. Iwa Kusumasumantri.In Bandaneira, Hatta and Sjahrir can mix freely with the locals and gave lessons to local children in the fields of history, bookkeeping, politics, and so on Iain. On 3 February 1942, Hatta and Sjahrir taken to Sukabumi. On March 9, 1942, the Dutch surrendered to the Japanese, and on March 22, 1942 Hatta and Sjahrir brought to Jakarta.
During the Japanese occupation, Hatta was asked to work together as an advisor.Hatta said about the ideals of the Indonesian people for independence, and he asked if Japan would colonize Indonesia? Daily temporary head of government, Major-General Harada. replied that Japan would not invade. But Hatta know, that Indonesia's Independence in Japan is different from understanding its own terms.Recognition of Indonesia Merdeka by the Japanese need for Hatta as a weapon against the Allies in the future. When the Japanese fascists want to admit it, whether democratic allies who would not? That's why the Japanese always didesaknya to give such recognition, the newly acquired in September 1944.
During the Japanese occupation, Hatta did not talk much. But the speech made at Ikada Square (now Independence Square) on the date of December 8, 1942 shocking many people. He said Indonesia apart from the Dutch colonial imperialism.And therefore he did not want to be a colony again. Young and old to feel it as sharp-sharp. For youth Indonesia, he Iebih like to see Indonesia sank into the sea rather than have it as a colony of people back. "
In early August 1945, the Committee of Inquiry Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence was replaced by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, with Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta as Chairman as Vice Chairman. Its members consist of representatives of all regions in Indonesia, Java and nine of the twelve men from outside the island of Java. On the evening of 16 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence proclamation prepared in a meeting at the home Admiral Maeda (JI Imam Bonjol, now), which ended at 03.00 am the next day. Small committee consisting of five persons, namely Soekarno, Hatta, Soebardjo, Soekarni, and Sayuti Malik broke away into a room to compose the text of the proclamation of independence.Soekarno Hatta asked compile a concise text of the proclamation. Soekarno Hatta suggested that written words are dictated. After the job was finished. they took him to the living room, where other members are waiting.
Soekarni proposed that the text of the proclamation was signed by two people, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta. All present welcomed with boisterous applause.Dated August 17, 1945, Indonesia's independence was proclaimed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation, right at 10:00 am at East 56th Street Pengangsaan Jakarta. Dated August 18, 1945, Ir Soekarno was appointed as President of the Republic of Indonesia and Drs. Mohammad Hatta was appointed Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. Soekardjo Wijopranoto argued that the President and Vice President should be a duumvirate.
Indonesia should retain its independence from the Dutch Government's effort to re-colonize. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia moved from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Twice negotiations with the Dutch produce Agreement and the Agreement Linggarjati Reville, but always ended in failure due to fraud to the Dutch. To seek support abroad, in July I947, Bung Hatta went to India to see Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi. by masquerading as a co-pilot named Abdullah (Biju Patnaik pilot is that later became the Minister of Indian steel in the government of Prime Minister Morarji Desai). Nehru promised, India can help Indonesia with the protest and the resolution to the UN for the Netherlands convicted.
And threats facing hardship after another. September 1948 PKI rebellion.December 19, 1948, the Dutch re-launched the second aggression. President and Vice President detained and exiled to the Pacific. But the Indonesian People's struggle to maintain independence continued to flare everywhere. Great Commander Soediman continue to lead the struggle bersenjata.Pada dated December 27, 1949 in The Hague, Bung Hatta, who chaired the Delegation of Indonesia in the Round Table Conference to receive the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty of Queen Juliana.
Bung Hatta also became Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia States stands.Then, as the RIS to the Unitary State of Republic Indonesia, Bung Hatta returned to the Vice President. During her time as Vice President, Bung Hatta remains active giving lectures at various institutions of higher education. He also continued to write various essays and books on economic and scientific cooperation. He is also actively guide the cooperative movement to implement the ideals of the economic conception. Dated July 12, 1951, Bung Hatta radio speech to welcome the Day of Cooperatives in Indonesia. Because besamya Bung Hatta activity in the cooperative movement, then on July 17, 1953 he was appointed as the father of the Congress Cooperative Cooperative Indonesia Indonesia in Bandung. Bung Hatta thoughts about cooperatives, among others, stated in his book Building a Cooperative and Cooperative Building (1971).
In 1955, Mohammad Hatta declared that if the Constituent parliament and the people's choice has been formed, he would resign as Vice President. His intention to resign was diberitahukannya through a letter to the chairman of Parliament, Mr.Sartono. Copies of letters sent to President Sukarno. After the Constituent Assembly was officially opened by the President, Vice-President Hatta told the Speaker of Parliament that on l December 1956 he would put his position as Vice President. President Sukarno tried to stop him, but the Bung Hatta remained at its founding.
On the date 27 November 1956, he received an honorary degree of Doctor Honoris Causa academic in the science of law from the University of Gajah Mada in Yoyakarta. On that occasion, Bung Hatta inaugural speech, entitled Past and Coming. After Bung Hatta resigned as Vice President of Indonesia, some also earned academic degrees from various universities. Padjadjaran University in Bandung confirmed Bung Hatta as a political science professor in the economy.Hasanuddin University in Ujung Pandang confer the title of Doctor Honoris Causa in Economics. University of Indonesia conferred the title of Doctor Honoris Causa in the field of jurisprudence. Bung Hatta's inaugural speech, entitled Towards a State of Law.
In 1960, Bung Hatta wrote "Democracy We" in the banner of People magazine. A paper known for highlighting the views and thoughts of Bung Hatta on the development of democracy in Indonesia at that time. In the New Order government, Bung Hatta was more of an elder statesman for his people than a politician. Rahmi Hatta Rachim married on November l8, 1945 in the village Megamendung, Bogor, West Java. They have three daughters, namely Meutia Farida, Gemala Rabi'a, and Halide Nuriah. The two oldest daughters are married. The first was with Dr.. Sri-Edi Swasono and the second with Drs. Mohammad Chalil Baridjambek. Hatta had witnessed the birth of two grandchildren, namely Sri Juwita Hanum Swasono and Mohammed Athar Baridjambek.
On August 15, 1972, President Suharto told the Bung Hatta state of grace in the form of signs of Honor highest "Star of the Republic of Indonesia Class I" on a state ceremony at the State Palace. Bung Hatta, proclaimed independence and the First Vice-President of the Republic of Indonesia, died on March 14, 1980 in Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, at the age of 77 years and was interred in TPU Land coachman on March 15, 1980.
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